- Protect pets from contagious and often life-threatening diseases (e.g. Parvovirus, Coronavirus, Distemper). Young puppies especially are at great risk and mortality rates can be high.
- Protect people from zoonotic disease (disease spread between humans and animals), e.g. Rabies, Leptospirosis.
- Helps to prevent the spread of controlled diseases (“herd immunity” principle), e.g. Rabies. Herd immunity = the more animals that are vaccinated against a disease, the less room there is for the virus/bacteria to move and spread, eventually leading to complete elimination of the disease.
- Certain molecules derived from the pathogen (bacteria/virus), called antigens, are introduced into the body. These antigens then trigger a reaction from the host’s immune system that leads to the production of antibodies. These antibodies then help the body ‘remember’ the virus/bacteria in the future, allowing the host’s immune system to attack and destroy the pathogen before it can spread and cause disease.
- ‘Core vaccines’ are the ones that are seen as important for all dogs to receive. These are normally given on an annual basis, although some veterinarians prefer to only inoculate every second year. Core vaccines normally include two vaccinations – one being the Rabies vaccine and the other commonly known as the ‘5-in-1’ vaccines (which includes 5 pathogens including coronavirus, distemper virus, adenovirus type 2, parvovirus and parainfluenza virus).
- ‘Non-core vaccines’ are the optional vaccinations. These vaccinations are given at the owner’s request and depend on the animal’s risk of being exposed (depending on the region where the pet lives, visiting boarding kennels or travelling). Optional vaccines include the Kennelcough vaccine (Bordetella bronchiseptica), Leptospirosis etc.
- Kennelcough: Required for travelling per aeroplane and boarding at kennels. Also if your dog is often exposed to other dogs or if it is prone to developing upper respiratory infections.
- Leptospirosis: Important in the warmer coastal regions (KZN etc.)
- The same as with human babies, puppies need to be vaccinated from an early age to prevent their weak immune systems of being exposed.
- At birth, puppies are protected by maternally derived antibodies (antibodies they received from their mother’s bloodstream and milk), but this form of protection slowly decreases during the first couple of months.
- Veterinarians must often deal with the trauma of a family losing a young puppy or having to pay large hospital bills, because owners make the mistake of not completing the prescribed vaccination schedule or not vaccinating early enough. Below is the advised vaccination schedule for new puppies:
Age: Type of vaccine:
6-8 weeks ‘5-in-1’ (1st inoculation) 10-12 weeks ‘5-in-1’ (2nd booster) + Rabies (1st inoculation) 14-16 weeks ‘5-in-1’ (3rd booster) + Rabies (2nd booster)
- Both vaccines must be repeated annually, thereafter. (some veterinarians advise boosters every second year, but this is not the viewpoint of the author)
- My puppy felt sick after being vaccinated – unlikely with modern modified vaccines.
- My dog is always alone, therefore not at risk – not true, since certain viruses can spread through the air or survive in the soil for months to years.
- My puppy contracted Canine Parvovirus after it’s first vaccination – possible, but not caused by the vaccine! The animal is only fully protected after the 3rd vaccination was given. If a puppy is exposed to a disease before this has been accomplished, there is still a risk of contracting the disease.
- Possible side-effects (very rarely seen): Diarrhoea, vomiting, facial swelling, lethargy. A mild injection site reaction is more commonly observed. This manifests as a small lump under the skin, it is not serious and will disappear soon.




Biokinetics is the Science of movement and the application of exercise in rehabilitative treatment of performance. Biokinetics’ primary function is to improve physical functioning and health care through exercise as a modality. Biokinetics is the profession concerned with health promotion, the maintenance of physical abilities and final phase rehabilitation, by means of scientifically-based physical activity programme prescription. (Biokinetics Association of South Africa website)So to put it in simpler terms, Biokinetics uses exercise and movement to treat people where exercise can make a difference to someone’s quality of life.Who is Biokinetics for?Biokinetics is for everyone, as everyone needs to move for health, wellness and sports performance.

An informal dwelling in Thembalethu is surrounded by water on Sunday.
The Kat River as seen from Davidson Road on Sunday.
Road near Witfontein impassible following heavy rainfall.



Anyone who has ever lost track of their car in a huge parking lot will also welcome Volvo On Call with open arms. The app will show you the location of your car on a high-definition map, and then provide directions on how to reach it. You can even ask your car to hoot and flash for five seconds to identify itself and guide you to its location. Another useful feature is the ability to provide an in-car WiFi hotspot, which can be accessed by everyone in your car enabling them to stream music and movies.And best of all? It will make you a cup of coffee! Well, not yet… Unfortunately. But it can tell you about the best coffee spots in town and send the destination to your car’s navigation system.The Volvo XC60 T6 Geartronic AWD R-Design we tested is fitted with a 2.0L Four-cylinder Super & turbocharged petrol delivering 235kW and 400Nm through an 8-speed automatic gearbox. It’s list price is R 882,700 including 15% VAT, a 5-year / 100,000 km warranty and a 5-year / 100,000 km full maintenance plan.Volvo On Call is a standard feature in South Africa with effect from model year 2020 Volvo derivatives.





Gustav, leier van die span en die een wat die staptog aanvanklik gereël het, het die volgende vir ons deurgegee:1. Hoekom het julle die stap gereël vir Maandag, 10 Augustus?
Die rede hoekom ons die stap gereël het is omdat daar baie misdaad in die gemeenskap is en ons jongmense wat verslaaf raak aan dwelms.2. Wat is die uitdagings in die gemeenskap huidiglik?
Die uitdagings in die gemeenskap is te veel misdaad wat plaasvind en selfs moorde.3. Wat is jullie visie vorentoe vir die gemeenskap? Wat sal julle wil hê moet verander?
Ons visie vorentoe is om misdaad te minder te maak en ook onder die jongmense. (Daar is te veel geweld). Ons will die Jeug nader om deel te wees van jeuggroepe want ons het Godsmanne en -vroue nodig.
Ons sal wil sien dat ouers meer tyd met hulle kinders spandeer en self uit die Bybel uit werk en lees vir hulle.4. Wat doen julle nog in die gemeenskap?
Ons het ‘n sop kombuis en ons doen ook groente tuine waarby ons die jongmense graag wil betrek.5. Enige iets nog op jou hart oor hoekom jy betrokke is hierby?
My hart is om die gemeenskap ‘n veilige plek te maak en ook seker te maak dat die jongmense wat die toekomstige leiers is saam werk en hulle self afwyk van verkeerde dinge.
“Jong mense is besig om met verkeerde dinge betrokke te raak. Hulle is in die verkeerde invloed. Ons wil teen dit opstaan, opstaan teen die mishandeling van kinders en vrouens in die gemeenskap. Jeug het genoeg gehad en ons wil jeug verander vir die beste. Ons wil almal kry om saam te staan. Almal (kan) opstaan vir dit wat reg is. Almal het ‘n stem.” – Sabrina HornVir meer inligting oor Local Motion en plaaslike geleenthede waarby hulle betrokke is, besoek en volg gerus hulle Social Media blaaie:
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